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Global water treatment product manufacturers are exploring the most advanced water filtration technologies, such as carbon nanotubes and advanced membrane systems, to better serve customers.

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Global water treatment product manufacturers are exploring the most advanced water filtration technologies, such as carbon nanotubes and advanced membrane systems, to better serve customers.

Water Technology lists five latest water purification technologies that may replace existing water purification processes. Nanotechnology The purification process based on nanotechnology is considered to be efficient and cost-effective. Image source: cybrain/Shutterstock.

Nanotechnology involves several methods and processes for applying materials on the atomic or molecular scale. Compared with traditional water purification methods, water purification processes based on nanotechnology are considered modular, efficient and cost-effective.

The main applications of nanotechnology in the water treatment process include silver, copper and zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles, nanostructured photocatalysts, nanomembranes and nanoadsorbents.

The large surface area to volume ratio of nanoparticles enhances the adsorption of chemical and biological particles, while being able to separate very low concentrations of pollutants. Nano adsorbents have specific physical and chemical properties for removing metal contaminants from water.

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are considered to be one of the main nanomaterials used for water purification. Carbon nanotube-based filtration systems can remove organic, inorganic and biological compounds in water.

Global companies such as Alfa Laval, Applied Membranes, DowDuPont, GEA Group, Inopor and Koch Membrane Systems have all participated in the development of membranes made of nanomaterials to eliminate contaminants in the process. Acoustic Nanotube Technology NASA’s Johnson Space Center is a developer of acoustic nanotube technology. Image credit: Inna Bigun/Shutterstock.

Acoustic nanotube technology was invented by scientists at NASA's Johnson Space Center. It uses acoustics instead of pressure to guide water through small diameter carbon nanotubes.

The technology is based on an acoustically driven molecular screen integrated with carbon nanotubes, allowing water molecules to pass through while blocking any larger molecules and pollutants. Compared with traditional filtration systems, it consumes less electricity and can drive water away from pollutants instead of removing pollutants from the water. This process also eliminates the need to flush the filter system.

The main applications of acoustic nanotube technology are municipal water plants, medical facilities, laboratories, wineries, desalination plants, industrial facilities, wastewater treatment plants and consumer fields. According to the user's filtering needs, this innovation can be expanded by integrating multiple filters.

NASA's patented acoustic nanotube technology can be licensed by the company and evolved into a commercial water purification product. Photocatalyst water purification technology Demonstration machine of photocatalyst water purification technology developed by Panasonic. Credit: Panasonic Corporation.

In recent years, due to its efficiency in treating polluted water, the importance of using photocatalysis for water treatment has become increasingly prominent. This technology uses photocatalyst and ultraviolet (UV) to remove toxic substances in water.

Panasonic has developed a technology that combines a photocatalyst (titanium dioxide) with a commercial adsorbent and a catalyst called zeolite to ensure effective separation and recovery of the photocatalyst from water for reuse. Titanium dioxide can mineralize a series of organic compounds into safe end products. The catalyst uses ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or artificial light to separate substances.

Photocatalysis can decompose a series of organic materials, estrogen, pesticides, dyes, crude oil and microorganisms (such as viruses and chlorine-resistant pathogens) and inorganic compounds (such as nitrous oxide).

The photocatalytic water treatment system is suitable for water and wastewater treatment facilities, and can treat industrial wastewater polluted by high-load organic substances or metals. The unique structure of Aquaporin Inside™ technology aquaporin enables rapid and highly selective water transfer across cell membranes. Image source: Science Art/Shutterstock.

The Aquaporin Inside™ technology of the Danish clean technology company Aquaporin is based on a biomimetic water treatment membrane design. Aquaporins can achieve rapid and highly selective water transfer across cell membranes. They allow cells to adjust their volume and internal osmotic pressure based on the difference in hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure.

The unique structure of the aquaporin channel allows water molecules to pass through and blocks all other compounds. Natural bionic membranes can also be used as the basis for the development of artificial bionic membrane systems. This technology is being used in industrial and domestic water filtration and purification systems.

Aquaporin Inside membrane is the only membrane on the market that uses aquaporin to purify drinking water. These membranes can be used for forward osmosis (FO) and reverse osmosis (RO) applications.

The Aquaporin Space Alliance (ASA) is a joint venture between Aquaporin and the Danish Aerospace Company (DAS) and is working with European and American companies to commercialize the patented Aquaporin Inside™ technology in space applications and space projects. Automatic Variable Filtration (AVF) Technology Automatic Variable Filtration (AVF) systems can be used in municipal drinking water and wastewater treatment facilities. Image credit: Dmitri Ma / Shutterstock.

Automatic Variable Filtration (AVF) technology involves a simple process in which upward-flowing influent water is cleaned by downward-flowing filter media. It eliminates the need for any additional processes or fresh water for filter media cleaning.

The AVF method uses a continuously clean falling bed filter embedded in a variable array. The two-stage configuration of the system integrates two sets of media filters, which can operate in serial or parallel mode.

The quality of water provided by this process is comparable to that of microfiltration technology, and the cost is only a small part of the low-pressure membrane. It has no moving parts and consumes less electricity, thus saving operation and maintenance costs.

The AVF system is suitable for municipal drinking water and wastewater treatment, wastewater recovery and reuse, membrane process pre-filtration and seawater desalination applications.

R2O Water Technologies, Process Research ORTECH (PRO) and Eureka Forbes are some of the major companies involved in the development of products and services based on AVF technology.

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